Advanced Water Treatment Process

Highly treated water from HRSD’s enhanced nutrient removal wastewater treatment facilities is further treated by the SWIFT Advanced Water Treatment process. This additional advanced treatment ensures that SWIFT Water™ meets federal primary drinking water standards and provides additional controls for unregulated contaminants such as personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and other contaminants before it is introduced to the groundwater environment.

Publications:

Vaidya, R.; Buehlmann, P. H.; Salazar-Benites, G.; Schimmoller, L.; Nading, T.; Wilson, C.; Bott, C.; Gonzalez, R.; Novak, J. Pilot Plant Performance Comparing Carbon-Based and Membrane-Based Potable Reuse Schemes. Environmental Engineering Science 2019 36:11, 1369-1378. (https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/ees.2018.0559)

Hogard S, Salazar‐Benites G, Pearce R, Nading T, Schimmoller L, Wilson C, Heisig‐Mitchell J, Bott C. Demonstration‐scale evaluation of ozone‐biofiltration‐granular activated carbon advanced water treatment for managed aquifer recharge. Water Environ Res. 2021 Jan 31. (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wer.1525)

Vaidya, R.; Wilson, C.A.; Salazar-Benites, G.; Pruden, A.; Bott, C. Factors affecting removal of NDMA in an ozone-biofiltration process for water reuse. Chemosphere 2021, 128333. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128333)

Vaidya, R.; Wilson, C.A.; Salazar-Benites, G.; Pruden, A.; Bott, C. Implementing Ozone-BAC-GAC in potable reuse for removal of emerging contaminants. AWWA Water Science. 2020 2:5, e1203. (https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.1203)

Removes suspended solids by settling large particles to the bottom of the water column.

See how flocculation and sedimentation works

Breaks down organic material and provides disinfection.

See how ozonation works

Publications:

Pearce, R.; Hogard, S.; Buehlmann, P.; Salazar-Benites, G.; Wilson, C.; Bott, C. Evaluation of preformed monochloramine for bromate control in ozonation for potable reuse. Water Research. 2022, 118049 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118049)

Filters out suspended particles, pathogens, and removes dissolved organic compounds through microbiological activity.

See how biofiltration works

Removes trace organic compounds and prepares the water for ultraviolet disinfection.

See how activated carbon works

Publications

Gonzalez, D., Thompson, K., Quinones, O., Dickenson, E., & Bott, C. (In Press). GAC‐based treatment and mobility of PFAS in potable reuse for aquifer recharge. AWWA Water Science. 2021 3:5, e1247 (https://awwa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/aws2.1247)

Provides a barrier to pathogen by disinfecting the water with high intensity ultraviolet light.

See how UV disinfection works

Disinfected water is adjusted by small chemical doses to more closely match the geochemistry of water already in the aquifer. SWIFT Water™ from the treatment train is pumped into the recharge well, where the well conditions and surrounding aquifer water quality can be constantly monitored.

Publications:

Bullard, M.G.; Widdowson, M.; Salazar-Benites, G.; Heisig-Mitchell, J.; Nelson, A.; Bott, C. "Managed Aquifer Recharge: Transport and Attenuation in a Coastal Plain Aquifer", Proceedings of the EWRI World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2019: Groundwater, Sustainability, Hydro-Climate/Climate Change, and Environmental Engineering, 108-120, Pittsburgh, PA, May 2019. (https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/9780784482346.011)